R lines的問題，透過圖書和論文來找解法和答案更準確安心。 我們找到下列問答集和資訊懶人包

Aurora: James Holmes, the Movie Theater Massacre, and the Psychiatrist Who Treated Him

為了解決R lines的問題，作者Fenton, Lynne,Droban, Kerrie 這樣論述：

Lynne Fenton, MD attended The Chicago Medical School on a military scholarship and completed her four year residency in Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation (PM&R) at the prestigious Rehabilitation Institute of Chicago, part of the Northwestern University medical campus. She then served as Chief of

Physical Medicine of the US Air Force during Operation Desert Storm. Upon completing her military service she relocated to Colorado and returned to training at the University of Colorado Medical School, completing a psychiatry residency followed by a research fellowship in brain imaging. She remaine

d at the university seeing patients in many clinics as well as training psychiatry residents and medical students. Kerrie Droban is a criminal defense attorney and the award-winning author of several true crime books, one of which was made into a television series called Gangland Undercover. She is

a national speaker and expert consultant on criminal pathology, organized crime, and outlaw motorcycle gangs. She has appeared in several true crime television shows including CNBC’s American Greed, A & E’s Gangland Behind Enemy Lines, Investigation ID, Discovery Channel’s Deadly Devotion, and Fatal

Vows, and in episodes of Grave Mysteries, Deep Undercover, Homicide City Philadelphia, and HLN’s Vengeance Killer Millionaires.

R lines進入發燒排行的影片

調控高分子給體二維共軛側鏈與設計共軛中心核與pi-架橋小分子受體結構與性質之系統性研究

為了解決R lines的問題，作者陳重豪 這樣論述：

此研究中，我們通過引入具有（苯並二噻吩）-（噻吩）（噻吩）-四氫苯並惡二唑（BDTTBO）主鏈的新型供體-受體（D/A）共軛聚合物製備了用於有機光伏（OPV）的三元共混物。在BDTTBO單體中BDT供體單元上修飾不同的共軛側鏈聯噻吩 (BT)、苯並噻吩 (BzT) 和噻吩並噻吩 (TT)（記為 BDTTBO-BT、BDTTBO-BzT 和 BDTTBO-TT）。然後，我們將 BDTTBO-BT 或 BDTTBO-BzT 或 BDTTBO-TT 與聚（苯並二噻吩-氟噻吩並噻吩）（PTB7-TH）結合起來，以擴大太陽光譜的吸收並調整活性層中 PTB7-TH 和富勒烯的分子堆積，從而增加短路電流密

度。我們發現參入10%的BDTTBO-BT高分子以形成 PTB7-TH：BDTTBO-BT：PC71BM 形成三元共混物元件活性層可以將太陽能元件的功率轉換效率從 PTB7-TH 的二元共混物元件 9.0% 提高到 10.4%： PC71BM 轉換效率相對增長超過 15%。於第二部分，我們比較在BDTTBO單體中BDT供體單元上修飾硫原子或氯原子 取代和同時修飾硫原子和氯原子取代的側鏈聚合物供體與小分子受體光伏的功率轉換效率 (PCE) 的實驗結果與由監督產生的預測 PCE。使用隨機森林算法的機器學習 (ML) 模型。我們發現 ML 可以解釋原子變化的聚合物側鏈結構中的結構差異，因此對二元共混

系統中的 PCE 趨勢給出了合理的預測，提供了系統中的形態差異，例如分子堆積和取向被最小化。因此，活性層中分子取向和堆積導致的結構差異顯著影響 PCE 的預測值和實驗值之間的差異。我們通過改變其原始聚合物聚[苯並二噻吩-噻吩-苯並惡二唑] (PBDTTBO) 的側鏈結構合成了三種新的聚合物供體。同時修飾硫原子和氯原子取代的側鏈結構用於改變聚合物供體的相對取向和表面能，從而改變活性層的形態。 BDTSCl-TBO:IT-4F 器件的最高功率轉換效率 (PCE) 為 11.7%，與使用基於隨機森林算法的機器學習預測的 11.8% 的 PCE 一致。這項研究不僅提供了對新聚合物供體光伏性能的深入了解

，而且還提出了未明確納入機器學習算法的形態（堆積取向和表面能）的可能影響。於第三部分，為了理解下一代材料化學結構的設計規則提高有機光伏（OPV）性能。特別是在小分子受體的化學結構不僅決定了其互補光吸收的程度，還決定了與聚合物供體結合時本體異質結 (BHJ) 活性層的形態。通過正確選擇受體實現優化的OPV 元件性能。在本研究中，我們選擇了四種具有不同共軛核心的小分子受體——稠環核心茚二噻吩、二噻吩並茚並茚二噻吩（IDTT）、具有氧烷基-苯基取代的IDTT稠環核心、二噻吩並噻吩-吡咯並苯並噻二唑結構相同的端基，標記為 ID-4Cl、IT-4Cl、m-ITIC-OR-4Cl 和 Y7，與寬能帶高分子

PTQ10 形成二共混物元件。我們發現基於 Y7 受體的器件在所有二元混合物器件中表現出最好的光伏性能，功率轉換效率 (PCE) 達到 14.5%，與具有 10.0% 的 PCE 的 ID-4Cl 受體相比，可以提高 45%主要歸因於短路電流密度 (JSC) 和填充因子 (FF) 的增強，這是由於熔環核心區域中共軛和對稱梯型的增加，提供了更廣泛的光吸收，誘導面朝向並減小域尺寸。該研究揭示了核心結構單元在影響有源層形態和器件性能方面的重要性，並為設計新材料和優化器件提供了指導，這將有助於有機光伏技術的發展。最後，我們比較了具有 AD-A´-DA 結構的合成小分子受體——其中 A、A´ 和 D 分

別代表端基、核心和 π 價橋單元—它們與有機光伏聚合物 PM6 形成二共混物元件。 增加核苝四羧酸二亞胺 (PDI) 單元的數量並將它們與噻吩並噻吩 (TT) 或二噻吩吡咯 (DTP) π 橋單元共軛增強了分子內電荷轉移 (ICT) 並增加了有效共軛，從而改善了光吸收和分子包裝。 hPDI-DTP-IC2F的吸收係數具有最高值（8 X 104 cm-1），因為它具有最大程度的 ICT，遠大於 PDI-TT-IC2F、hPDI-TT-IC2F和 PDI-DTP-IC2F。 PM6:hPDI-DTP-IC2F 器件提供了 11.6% 的最高功率轉換效率 (PCE)；該值是 PM6:PDI-DTP-

IC2F (4.8%) 設備的兩倍多。從一個 PDI 核心到兩個 PDI 核心案例的器件 PCE 的大幅增加可歸因於兩個 PDI 核心案例具有 (i) 更強的 ICT，(ii) 正面分子堆積，提供更高的和更平衡的載波遷移率和 (iii) 比單 PDI 情況下的能量損失更小。因此，越來越多的 PDI 單元與適當的髮色團共軛以增強小分子受體中的 ICT 可以成為提高有機光伏效率的有效方法

Low Carbon Energy Supply Technologies and Systems

為了解決R lines的問題，作者 這樣論述：

Dr. A. Shukla did his masters in Physics and completed his Ph.D. from IIT Kharagpur in January 2005. He did his postdoctoral research work from some of the premier institutes across the globe, namely at Institute of Physics Bhubaneswar (Department of Atomic Energy, Govt. of India), University of Nor

th Carolina Chapel Hill USA, University of Rome/Gran Sasso National Laboratory, Italy and Physical Research Laboratory Ahmedabad (Department of Space, Govt. of India). He is currently working as an Associate Professor in Physics at Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology (RGIPT) (set up throu

gh an Act of Parliament by the Ministry of Petroleum & Natural Gas, as an ＂Institute of National Importance＂ on the lines of IITs). Recently, Dr. Shukla published an edited books, ＂Low Carbon Energy Supply - Trends, Technology, Management, Springer (Pvt.) limited India, New Delhi, ISBN 978-981-10-73

26-7 (2018); Sustainability through Energy-Efficient Buildings, CRC Press, Taylor and Frances Group, ISBN 978-113-80-6675-5 (2018);Energy Security and Sustainability, CRC Press, Taylor and Frances Group, ISBN 9781498754439 (2016). Dr. Shukla research interests include Nuclear physics and physics of

renewable energy resources. He has published more than hundred research papers in various International Journals and in various International and National conferences. He has delivered invited talks at various national and international institutes. Currently, he is having several national as well as

international projects and active research collaborations from India and abroad on the topics of his research interests.Dr. Atul Sharma completed his M. Phil. Energy and Environment (August 1998) and Ph.D. on the topic Effect on Thermophysical Properties of PCMs due to Thermal Cycles and Their Util

ization for Solar Thermal Energy Storage Systems (June 2003) from School of Energy and Environmental Studies, Devi Ahilya University, Indore (M.P.), India. He has worked as a Scientific Officer at Regional Testing Centre Cum Technical Backup Unit for Solar Thermal Devices, at the School of Energy an

d Environmental Studies, Devi Ahilya University, Indore funded by the Ministry of Non-Conventional Energy Sources of the Government of India. He also worked as a Research Assistant at the Solar Thermal Research Center, New and Renewable Energy Research Department at Korea Institute of Energy Researc

h, Daejon, South Korea (1 April 2004-31 May 2005) and as a Visiting Professor at Department of Mechanical Engineering, Kun Shan University, Tainan, Taiwan, R.O.C (1 August 2005-30 June 2009).Dr. Sharma is currently Associate Professor at Rajiv Gandhi Institute of Petroleum Technology (RGIPT) which h

as been set up by the Ministry of Petroleum and Natural Gas, Government of India through an Act of Parliament (RGIPT Act 54/2007) along the lines of the IITs with an ＂Institute of National Importance＂ tag. The institute is co-promoted as an energy domain-specific institute by six leading PSUs--ONGC

Ltd., IOCL, OIL, GAIL, BPCL and HPCL in association with OIDB. The mission of the institute is to work towards promoting energy self-sufficiency in the country through its teaching and R&D efforts. Recently, Dr. Sharma published four edited books, ＂Low Carbon Energy Supply - Trends, Technology, Mana

gement, Springer (Pvt.) limited India, New Delhi, ISBN 978-981-10-7326-7 (2018); Sustainability through Energy-Efficient Buildings, CRC Press, Taylor and Frances Group, ISBN 978-113-80-6675-5 (2018); Energy Security and Sustainability, CRC Press, Taylor and Frances Group, ISBN 9781498754439 (2016);

Energy Sustainability Through Green Energy, Springer (Pvt.) limited India, New Delhi. ISBN 978-81-322-2337-5 (2015). Dr. Sharma has published several research papers in various international journals and conferences. He also published several patents related to the phase change materials (PCMs) tech

nology in the Taiwan region. He is working on the development and applications of PCMs, green buildings, solar water heating systems, solar air heating systems, solar drying systems, etc. Dr. Sharma is conducting research at the Non-Conventional Energy Laboratory (NCEL), RGIPT and is currently engag

ed with the Council of Science & Technology, U.P. sponsored project at his lab. Further, he served as an editorial board member and as a reviewer for many national and international journals, project reports and book chapters.Dr. Renu Singh is a senior scientist, Centre for Environment Science and C

limate Resilient Agriculture, Indian Agricultural Research Institute, New Delhi. She holds master’s degree in Environmental Sciences and M.Tech. in Environmental Sciences and Engineering and Ph.D. degree in Environmental Impact Assessment from Indian Institute of Technology Delhi. She has more than

seventeen years of research experience in the field of Environmental Impact Assessment, Biofuels, Ecology and Environmental Microbiology. Dr. Singh has worked on various projects related to Climate change and biofuels funded by different agencies. She also has exposure to remote sensing and dispersi

on modeling. She has published research papers in journals and at conferences in the field of Environmental Sciences. Currently, she is having several national as well as international projects and active research collaborations from India and abroad on the topics of her research interests.

運用同儕協助學習策略發展台灣國小五年級學生之英語閱讀能力之研究

為了解決R lines的問題，作者劉慧玲 這樣論述：

眾人普遍認同閱讀教學法能有效防止兒童閱讀困難。其中一種閱讀教學法是同儕輔助學習策略(Peer-assisted learning strategies,PALS)，其廣泛運用於各領域以增進學生閱讀技巧。因此本研究目的在比較同儕輔助學習策略與傳統閱讀教學應用在台灣五年級學生英語閱讀正確性、流暢性及理解力之效用。本實驗採用準實驗設計，招募兩個班級，共49人。兩個班隨意分配為實驗組及對照組。實驗組學生兩兩一組學習；對照組學生接受教師主導之傳統閱讀教學。兩組學生接受每週兩次共17週之實驗。本實驗兼採取量化及質化研究法，蒐集前後測驗量化資料，並透過教室觀察、實地筆記及與四位PALS組學生半結構式訪談蒐

集質性資料。本實驗結果顯示兩種閱讀教學法對於增進學生閱讀正確性同樣有效，然而PALS閱讀教學並未優於傳統閱讀教學。相似於閱讀正確性實驗結果，PALS閱讀教學在閱讀順暢性並未優於傳統閱讀教學。至於閱讀理解性方面，兩種閱讀教學法的後測平均分數略劣於前測，然而，只有PALS組達到統計性顯著。此預料之外及驚人的結果有以下可能原因，詳述如下。首先，可能是這些五年級初級英語閱讀者在閱讀及理解長篇文章上遭遇困難及學生間顯著英語能力差異。其次，閱讀及理解長篇文章更需要密集練習以發展技巧，特別是以英語為外語者。第三，有可能是本實驗測驗工具無法測量出PALS組學生在早期閱讀發展階段微小的進步。另一個可能因素是此特

定的教學法與測驗教材之差異，導致學生並未具備適當的閱讀技巧。最後，本實驗並未實施複述活動(retelling)於”夥伴閱讀與複述”(Partner Reading with Retell)活動中，因為本實驗著重於訓練學生改正單字識別錯誤，而忽略檢查學生的短文閱讀理解。雖然，此實驗結果與之前的PALS實驗結果不同。但是，質化資料顯示PALS幫助學生獲得更高的閱讀學習興趣及透過同儕輔助教學強化學生自身學習。基於本實驗發現PALS可被視為增進學生合作行為及改變學生對於閱讀學習態度的一種實用的學習工具。建議未來實施閱讀的老師能增進實驗的密集度及降低測驗難度以符合學生閱讀發展。關鍵字: 同儕學習策略、閱

讀正確性、閱讀順暢性、閱讀理解力