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新時代 丙級自來水管配管暨自來水管承裝技工考驗 學術科研讀範本 最新版(第八版) 附MOSME行動學習一點通：學科.影音.診斷

為了解決自來水水質的問題，作者文定宇,黃崇陽 這樣論述：

　　1.依據勞動部最新公告學術科試題編寫。 　　2.學科試題與解析作一明顯區別，強化學習效果。  　　3.術科詳解掌握實作要領，繪製立體圖，管路落樣圖，清晰對照。 　　4.附贈MOSME行動學習一點通，可供線上測驗(web版)及單機版使用，可重複測驗練習，加強檢定實力，實用超值。 　　◎術科試題編號：01600-1040301~10 

自來水水質進入發燒排行的影片

以實場實驗及水質飽和指標評估雲林地區自來水於建築物金屬管線潛在侵蝕之研究

為了解決自來水水質的問題，作者賴建勲 這樣論述：

自來水對家戶金屬管線潛在侵蝕研究近年來在國內及國際均曾引起社會大眾關注，本文係以雲林地區的自來水源為背景，選擇三種金屬管線，經由自來水的實場實驗、測定、分析與指數驗證，並運用統計驗證相關實驗因子間關係，可以提供金屬管材選用之建議。經由自來水樣之鹼度及陰陽離子濃度分析值以預估計算水質腐蝕與否的藍氏飽和指數 (Langelier Saturation Index, LSI)、萊氏飽和指數(Ryznar Saturation Index, RSI)，結果發現雲林地區自來水水源LSI指數均接近於0 (0.04及0.50)，代表接近理想水質，但RSI則傾向侵蝕性(7.17及7.70)，與實驗結果(流動

條件下鍍鋅鋼管及銅管略為發生侵蝕現象)對照，水質飽和指數確可用於判斷水質特性。取不銹鋼管、鍍鋅鋼管、銅管等三種材質實場實驗，發現於固定流量下之各種餘氯狀態時不銹鋼管侵蝕低，甚至有些微沉積現象，銅管及鍍鋅鋼管均發生明顯侵蝕，而且餘氯值愈高腐蝕現象越趨嚴重。一停滯狀態對照組的不銹鋼管、銅管則幾乎無變化或些微沉積，但鍍鋅鋼管則有明顯沉積現象，自來水質低餘氯條件時鍍鋅鋼管侵蝕率高於銅管，高餘氯環境侵蝕則相反，發現連續流動30天後銅管及鍍鋅鋼管侵蝕率會趨於收斂(銅管侵蝕率0.258%、鍍鋅鋼管侵蝕率0.088%)。研究發現不鏽鋼管為最能因應水質餘氯變化而不至侵蝕，如為避免重金屬釋出影響用水安全，建議則應

考慮採用不銹鋼管等優良材質，而老舊建築則應考慮更換易因侵蝕釋出重金屬的管線，另建議政府應測試供水金屬管材之耐蝕性或以正面表列方式納入建築技術規則以供各界參考，以維民眾健康及用水安全。

給水工程(五版)

為了解決自來水水質的問題，作者黃政賢 這樣論述：

　　重要名詞釋義按筆畫順序排列，方便查詢，可讓讀者充分瞭解給水專有名詞的精義。 　　涵蓋不同的設計與計算類型，予以詳細解析，相信可消除讀者對計算的恐懼感，並提供解題技巧。 　　每章節後面附有習題，書末亦有詳解，可助讀者融會貫通，確切掌握各項考試的方向，增進學習效果。

不鏽鋼管材對配水系統自來水水質之影響

為了解決自來水水質的問題，作者Saroj Adhikari 這樣論述：

Stainless steel (SS) has gained popularity for use in drinking water distribution systems over the last decade owing to unique properties, including strong resistance to corrosion and ease of fabrication. In Taiwan, replacement of lead (Pb) service pipe with stainless steel pipe was implemented in

2003 to address water loss due to pipe leakage in 2002. The large-scale use of SS was unprecedented and could have unintentionally altered the drinking water quality. However, studies on the use of SS materials in distribution systems are rare because these materials are generally assumed to be iner

t with water. Recent studies have shown that galvanic corrosion between Pb and SS can occur during partial replacement, resulting in accelerated Pb release. Since SS was introduced mainly to address water leakage, the impact on drinking water quality is less understood, which needs to be scientifica

lly investigated. For example, concentrations of chromium (Cr) and nickel (Ni), major components of SS, are expected to increase in drinking water over time with the use of such materials. This can potentially create health issues unknown to the public and can pose challenges to existing regulatory

measures.A series of well-controlled short-term batch experiments were designed using SS materials to investigate the activation of SS and its effect on galvanic corrosion. Similarly, a long-term pilot study involving a recirculating SS system was setup in the laboratory to examine the impact of SS

plumbing materials on drinking water quality. Following the pilot study, a Ni contamination survey in elementary schools in Taichung was conducted. The objectives of this study are to (1) investigate the effects of acids on the activation of SS and examine the mechanisms of galvanic corrosion using

‘active’ and ‘passive’ SS wires and pure Pb wires, (2) examine the effects of flow rates and water corrosivity on drinking water quality in a recirculating stainless steel system and (3) assess nickel contamination in drinking water samples of elementary schools in Taichung by employing an intensive

sampling survey.Firstly, the effects of various concentrations (0.5, 1, and 2 M) of three strong acids (HCl, H2SO4 and HNO3) on the activation of SS surface was investigated. HCl and H2SO4 activated the surface, whereas HNO3 was found to enhance passivation. The effects of HCl were observed in term

s of pits and crevices penetrating to the deeper layers while H2SO4 affected only the outer surface layer and did not result in deeper pits. Although the protective surface layer is assumed to self-heal, the ability to do so was found to be less effective with HCl than with H2SO4. Furthermore, the p

henomenon of galvanic corrosion that occurs between Pb and SS activated with acids was also examined for the first time in this study. Findings illustrated that conventional anodic and cathodic processes reported to occur between Pb and passive stainless steel do not occur when the latter is activat

ed. In galvanic contacts involving Pb and activated SS, reverse galvanic corrosion was observed, which caused SS to corrode instead of Pb, as evidenced by higher concentrations of soluble and total Fe compared to Pb, unlike in the general galvanic corrosion. Corrosion of activated SS increased with

decreasing pH and increasing the concentrations of chloride and sulfate under a fixed CSMR.Secondly, the effects of the physical parameter (flow rates) and water corrosivity on SS plumbing materials were investigated using a recirculating SS system. All three metal constituents (Cr, Fe, and Ni) were

released at low, medium, and high flow rates. While only trace amounts of Cr were recorded (below 50 µg/L), Fe and Ni levels were exceedingly high. When the flow rate was increased from low to medium, Fe and Ni were released at a maximum 229 µg/L and 121 µg/L, respectively. High flow rates, however

, resulted in lower metal concentrations. Metal release reduction with increasing experimental time at high flow rates indicates that flow rate affects SS materials through passive leaching. In a separate recirculating system involving a more corrosive environment with a high flow rate and low pH (6

.5), high chloride (250 mg/L), and TOC (1 mg/L as C), corrosion of SS was observed, which increased as a combined effect of the parameters considered. The maximum concentrations of Cr, Fe, and Ni reached 3.9 µg/L, 68.7 µg/L, and 274 µg/L, respectively, during the most corrosive phase of the experime

nt (combined pH, chloride, and TOC), as opposed to only 1.2 µg/L, 49.4 µg/L, and 158 µg/L, respectively, at the initial phase maintained at low pH alone. The corrosion effect of water corrosivity was supported by the rise in Cr concentrations, indicating damage to the protective passive film on the

surface layer of SS.Lastly, recognizing the potential health impacts and limited information about Ni in drinking water, one of the key constituents of SS material, an intensive sampling survey of drinking water was conducted in elementary schools of Taichung as a part of a first-of-its-kind investi

gation into possible Ni contamination from such sources. Ni concentrations in drinking water were sporadic with total concentration exceeding the Taiwan EPA standard (20 μg/L) in 4 schools. The concentrations varied with the season, water usage, and age and size of the schools. Samples collected on

weekends and in the summer were more likely to exceed the standard. Similarly, a higher tendency of exceedance was observed in schools with a larger student population (≥ 500) and schools over 50 years of age. Nickel-containing fittings and plumbing materials are commonly used in Taiwan, and finding

s of this study indicate the possibilities of Ni contamination in drinking water from such materials.