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奈米纖維水凝膠及顆粒對預防牙周病之抗菌潛力

為了解決acer a515-57評價的問題，作者安心亞 這樣論述：

牙周炎與牙齦發炎有關，並導致牙齒周圍保護性和支撐性組織的流失。這項研究目的從修飾後纖維素奈米纖維 (CNF) 中開發具有抗菌劑的納米顆粒和水凝膠，用於牙周炎的治療。通過將表面素摻入與κ-角叉菜聚醣寡糖 (CO) 連接的 CNF 納米顆粒 (CO-CNF)中來製備納米顆粒，並且通過將表面素和草藥黃素摻入CO-CNF中來製備水凝膠。 通過化學機械方法從豆腐渣中提取CNF，然後將其用CO修飾。該CO-CNF 材料具有提高澎潤性、結晶度和降解溫度。體外研究表示，納米顆粒和水凝膠均對牙齦紫質單孢菌、變種鏈球菌、核梭桿菌和銅綠假單胞菌等細菌具有抗菌活性。它們顯著減少了生物膜的形成，代謝活性，並增加了細菌

中的丙二醛 (MDA) 表現量。此外，在LPS給予的人類牙齦成纖維細胞中，介白素6 (IL-6)、前列腺素E2和核因子(NF)-κB 的表現量也降低。在活體試驗中，一周內通過三次在牙齦上注射10 µl (1 mg/ml) 脂多醣(LPS) 誘導牙周炎。通過使用口腔擦拭棒將200 µl 樣品用於注射區域進行處理。結果表示，納米顆粒和水凝膠均顯著降低了腫瘤壞死因子α (TNF-α) 和介白素-1β (IL-1β)、骨髓過氧化酶 (MPO) 和誘導型一氧化氮合酶 (iNOS) 的表現量。此外，給予後一氧化氮 (NO) 和丙二醛 (MDA) 的產生減少。微型計算機斷層掃描 (µ-CT) 和組織病理學分

析證實，治療後牙齦和牙齒的結構得以恢復。這些結果表示所提出材料對牙周炎的治療具有有益的作用。

花苞缺鐵影響絨氈層功能損害花粉發育

為了解決acer a515-57評價的問題，作者黃資翔 這樣論述：

Reduction of crop yield due to iron (Fe) deficiency has always been a concern in agriculture. How insufficient Fe in floral buds affects pollen development remains unexplored. Here, plants transferred to Fe-deficient medium at the reproductive stage had reduced floral Fe content and viable pollen a

nd showed a defective pollen outer wall, all restored by supplying floral buds with Fe. A comparison of differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in Fe-deficient leaves, roots, and anthers suggested that changes in several cellular processes were unique to anthers, including increased lipid degradation.

Co-expression analysis revealed that ABORTED MICROSPORES (AMS), DEFECTIVE IN TAPETAL DEVELOPMENT AND FUNCTION1, and BASIC HELIX-LOOP-HELIX 089/091/010 are key upstream transcription factors of Fe-deficient DEGs involved in tapetum function and development, including tapetal ROS homeostasis, program

med cell death, and pollen outer wall formation-related lipid metabolism. Analysis of RESPIRATORY-BURST OXIDASE HOMOLOG E (RBOHE) gain- and loss-of-function under Fe deficiency indicated that RBOHE- and Fe-dependent regulation coordinated for proper anther ROS and pollen development. Since no DEGs i

n Fe-deficient anthers were significantly enriched in mitochondrial function, the changes in mitochondrial status, including respiration activity, density, and morphology under Fe deficiency were probably because the Fe amount was insufficient to maintain proper mitochondrial protein function in ant

hers. To sum up, Fe deficiency in anthers may affect Fe-dependent protein function and impact upstream transcription factors and their downstream genes to result in extensive impaired tapetum function and pollen development.