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Nucleus Near-Infrared (nNIR) Irradiation of Single A549 Cells Induces DNA Damage and Activates EGFR Leading to Mitochondrial Fission

為了解決Nikon Z 24-120mm F4的問題，作者MOMOH GBETUWA 這樣論述：

Abstract Background: There has been great interest in identifying the biological substrate for light-cell interaction and their relations to cancer treatment. In our study, a single cell nuclear NIR (nNIR) and cytosol exposed NIR has been used to determine for the first-time mitochondria fragmentat

ion count (MFC) to compare NIR effect on subcellular cells. Near infra-red (NIR) possesses less light scattering and absorption in biological tissues it has a biological window that bears a very small photodamage and thus possesses a deep tissue penetration depth. Aim: To evaluate near-infrared (NIR

) laser focused into the nucleus (nNIR) or cytoplasm (cNIR) of a single living cell by a high numerical aperture condenser to dissect the novel role of cell nucleus in mediating NIR effects on mitochondrial dynamics of A549 non-small cell lung cancer cells.Materials and Methods: Cultured 150 single

cell of A549 nucleus and cytosol were incubated with 0.3 μM mitotracker green for 30 min washed with PBS, imaged control cell then treated with 224.02 J/cm2 NIR for 10 s and cells imaged at different time points of 1, 5, 10, 15 and 20 min. A549 cells were treated with conjugated 100 nM FND-EGF and i

ncubated with PD153035, caffeine and cetuximab for 1 h, and imaged cells. Results: Our analysis showed nNIR, but not cNIR, triggered mitochondrial fission in 10 minutes. On the contrast, the fission/fusion balance of mitochondria directly exposed to cNIR does not change. While the same phenomenon is

also triggered by single molecular interactions between epidermal growth factor (EGF) and its receptor EGFR, pharmacological studies with cetuximab, PD153035 and caffeine suggest EGF signaling crosstalk to DNA damaging response to mediate rapid mitochondrial fission as a result of nNIR irradiation.

These results suggest that nuclear DNA integrity is a novel biological target for cellular response to NIR. Conclusions: These results suggest that nuclear DNA integrity is a novel biological target for cellular response to NIR. Keywords: Keywords: near infrared (NIR), epidermal growth factor recep

tor (EGFR), mitochondrial fragmentation count (MFC), mitochondrial dynamic, cetuximab, caffeine.

一個半導體切割製程之玻璃切割作業的影響因素分析

為了解決Nikon Z 24-120mm F4的問題，作者林宜煒 這樣論述：

全球玻璃產值在2020年約1200億美金，並且市場正在穩定的成長中，預估每年將會有5%的成長。現今平板玻璃切割產業裡，對於產品的要求越來越高，元件也越來越小，需要將玻璃切割成所需形狀，並提高產能及良率。在玻璃切割中，由於不像半導體矽材料擁有一定的晶格形狀，在切割的過程中，玻璃會造成不規則的崩裂形狀，造成缺陷。為了優化切割機切割玻璃之良率及產量，減少裂痕與破裂的情況發生是切割玻璃很重要的指標。切割品質的崩裂值會影響後面的製程外，也會影響後續製程的產品是否能夠使用。在本論文中，本論文首先歸納出關於玻璃切割的技術。本研究所使用的平板玻璃切割法是薄鑽石切割法，先蒐集四種廠牌的刀具，採用變異數分析法。

本論文使用崩裂值(Chipping)來作為判斷產品優劣指標。最後透過十一把刀子測試的結果，來做出Chipping與各種刀子參數之間的關聯性模型，Chipping是重要的指標。而Chipping與下列因素有關，如切割的過程與操作方式、鑽石刀片的種類、工件材料、振動大小、切割條件以及切割參數等。如果選用不當，可能會造成玻璃過度破裂，因此研究哪些條件及參數能促使產能最高、Chipping發生值最低，將會對產能帶來莫大的幫助。針對此ANOVA模型能讓本論文了解其刀子在不同的轉速以及進刀速下所呈現的趨勢，幫助後人在做切割時能有更好的評估方向。