Make use of formal的問題，透過圖書和論文來找解法和答案更準確安心。 我們找到下列問答集和資訊懶人包

Ethics by Committee: A History of Reasoning Together about Medicine, Science, Society, and the State

為了解決Make use of formal的問題，作者Jacobs, Noortje 這樣論述：

How liberal democracies in the late twentieth century have sought to resolve public concerns over charged issues in medicine and science. Ethics boards have become obligatory passage points in today’s medical science, and we forget how novel they really are. The use of humans in experiments is an

age-old practice that records show goes back to at least the third century BC, and it has been popular as a practice since the early modern period. Yet in most countries around the world, hardly any formal checks and balances existed to govern the communal oversight of experiments involving human s

ubjects until at least the 1960s. Ethics by Committee traces the rise of ethics boards for human experimentation in the second half of the twentieth century. Using the Netherlands as a case study, historian Noortje Jacobs shows how the authority of physicians to make decisions about clinical resear

ch in this period gave way in most developed nations to formal mechanisms of communal decision-making that served to regiment the behavior of individual researchers. This historically unprecedented change in scientific governance came out of the growing international wariness of medical research in

the decades after World War II and was meant to solidify a new way of reasoning together in liberal democracies about medicine and science. But what reasoning together meant, and who was invited to participate, changed drastically over time. In detailing this history, Jacobs shows that research ethi

cs committees were originally intended not only to make human experimentation more ethical but also to raise its epistemic quality and intensify the use of new clinical research methods. By examining complex negotiations over the appropriate governance of human subjects research, Ethics by Committee

is an important contribution to our understanding of the randomized controlled trial and the history of research ethics and bioethics more generally.

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探討國中生對一元一次方程式圖像化問題之表現研究

為了解決Make use of formal的問題，作者鄭筑云 這樣論述：

本研究旨在探討國中生對一元一次方程式文字題與圖像化問題之解題表現與偏好。為了解學生對不同情境呈現方式在理解及解決數學問題的表現與差異，並比較學生的偏好與原因，研究者以桃園市及新竹縣各一所學校共71位學生為樣本，以線上問卷的方式進行資料收集，學生隨機分為代數文字題試卷、圖像化問題試卷以及圖文問題試卷等三組進行問卷填答。試卷共有八題不同情境類型之一元一次方程式試題，內容分為第一部分的題意理解與解題以及第二部分的偏好選擇與原因。研究結果如下：一、在大部分的情境類型中，圖像化問題能幫助國中一年級學生對一元一次方程式問題的題意有較佳的理解。二、並非每一種問題類型以圖像化問題的方式呈現都能獲得較好的解題

成效。對於不同類型問題情境，每組學生的表現有所不同。三、對於不同情境類型，多數學生較偏好以圖像方式呈現問題內容。然而學生對於所有問題的呈現方式並非單一偏好，會因為問題類型的不同而有不同選擇。四、對於不同問題呈現方式偏好的原因，多數偏好以文字呈現情境的學生認為文字題在解題計算上能提供較大的幫助；偏好以圖像呈現情境的學生則認為圖像化問題在理解題意上較為容易。

Writing the Mind: Social Cognition in Nineteenth-Century American Fiction

為了解決Make use of formal的問題，作者Walser, Hannah 這樣論述：

Novels are often said to help us understand how others think--especially when those others are profoundly different from us. When interpreting a character’s behavior, readers are believed to make use of Theory of Mind, the general human capacity to attribute mental states to other people. In many

well-known nineteenth-century American novels, however, characters behave in ways that are opaque to readers, other characters, and even themselves, undermining efforts to explain their actions in terms of mental states like beliefs and intentions. Writing the Mind dives into these unintelligible m

oments to map the weaknesses of Theory of Mind and explore alternative frameworks for interpreting behavior. Through readings of authors such as Charles Brockden Brown, Herman Melville, Martin Delany, Harriet Beecher Stowe, Charles Chesnutt, and Mark Twain, Hannah Walser explains how experimental mo

dels of cognition lead to some of the strangest formal features of canonical American texts. These authors’ attempts to found social life on something other than mental states not only invite us to revise our assumptions about the centrality of mind reading and empathy to the novel as a form; they c

an also help us understand more contemporary concepts in social cognition, including gaslighting and learned helplessness, with more conceptual rigor and historical depth.

探討遊戲化驅動力與科技接收模式對消費者使用意願的影響

為了解決Make use of formal的問題，作者劉銥 這樣論述：

本研究以電商平台拼多多APP為例，探討遊戲化驅動力與科技接收模式對消費者使用意願的影響。研究分為兩部分，第一部分以周郁凱（2015）提出的Octalysis八角框架中的八項遊戲化驅動力，包括「使命」、「成就」、「賦予創造力」、「所有權」、「社會影響力」、「稀缺性」、「不確定性」、「避免」，討論其與使用意願的關係；第二部分觀察科技接受模型及其後擴展模型中的「知覺易用性」、「知覺有用性」、「知覺娛樂性」其與使用意願的關係。本研究透過網路問卷共蒐集364份有效樣本，其中女性佔比70.6%。經過統計分析發現，遊戲化驅動力中「成就」對消費者使用意願有正向顯著影響，科技接收模式中的「知覺易用性」、「知覺

有用性」、「知覺娛樂性」對使用意願有正向顯著影響。本研究為學界貢獻了遊戲化驅動力、科技接收模式與消費者使用意願關係的參考模型，研究結論也可為業界更準確地利用遊戲化設計提供建議方向，進而有助於未來遊戲化產業的永續發展。