慢性睡眠剝奪改變人類和動物的青春期時間
為了解決CSD HK的問題，作者Shirley Priscilla Gunawan 這樣論述：
Sleep deprivation (SD) has become a secular trend in adolescents that causes adverse health outcomes. A growing evidence shows that SD may contribute in precocious puberty. However, to date, the exact mechanisms of how sleep deprivation results in early sexual maturation remain unclear. Therefore,
we aim to investigate further about the correlation between SD and pubertal timing, and clarify the mechanisms. A total of 459 boys and 959 girls with a mean age of 11.71 ± 1.78-year-old and 9.72 ± 1.77-year-old, respectively, were included in this study. The results showed that SD led to early sexu
al maturation through obesity as the mediator, especially in girls. Subsequently, we investigated using experimental animals to explore the underlying mechanisms. Sprague-Dawley juvenile rats were exposed to 4 weeks of chronic sleep deprivation (CSD). Food and water were provided ad libitum. and the
y were sacrificed when they were 7-weeks-old. The vaginal opening and balanopreputial observation were performed every morning throughout the study to determine the pubertal onset in female and male rats, respectively. A vaginal smear was performed daily on female rats to assess the estrous cycles.
The animal study depicted different results as they had lower body weight which eventually led to delayed puberty. In addition, SD caused elevated levels of oxidative stress and systemic inflammation, lower short-chained fatty acids, and gut dysbiosis which also affected the pubertal timing. Taken t
ogether, this study shows how sleep deprivation differently affects the pubertal timing in humans and animals.
安倍晉三內閣對中安全保障政策
為了解決CSD HK的問題，作者卓敏 這樣論述：
安倍晉三－充滿話題性的政治人物，出身雄厚的政治世家，兩度擔任日本首相，就任時間洽好都在日中關係惡化之時。本論文從現實主義理論觀點來探討，安倍首相兩次面對嚴峻的日中關係下，如何因應中國崛起對日本所形成的威脅，本論文認為，安倍兩次內閣採取的對中安全保障政策截然不同，2006年安倍第一次內閣採取「柔軟避險」政策，目的在與中國建立「戰略互惠關係」，增進日中兩國的政治互信，使日本和中國走向和平發展的道路。2012年安倍第二次內閣對中政策大轉變，改採「強硬避險」政策，分為內外部平衡，內部平衡方面，強化日本國內的經濟、軍事、安全保障等實力，並重新建構外交安全保障的決策體制，以確保政權長久與穩定；外部平衡方
面，強化日美同盟的防衛合作，並積極增進與印度、澳洲等友好國家的合縱連橫，更提出「俯瞰地球儀外交」積極拓展與亞太區域國家的合作，以「平衡」中國崛起對日本形成威脅所做的「避險」戰略。未來，中國的對日政策，以及日美同盟的走向，將成為影響日本對中國安全保障政策的關鍵因素。
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